Permissions

See [unix-linux-find-file-owner-name](http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-find-file-owner-name/#lsmode).

ls -l

ls -l

Output layout:

<d|l> <owner><group><world> [n of link] owner : group <size>

The owner need not be a member of the group associated with the filesystem object. When a member is removed from a group, no check is run on the filesystem. The same is true on create.

File type

First character of the mode string:

• - — regular file
• b — block special file
• c — character special file
• d — directory
• l — symbolic link
• p — FIFO
• s — socket
• w — whiteout

Permission bits

If r, the file is readable; if -, it is not readable.

If w, the file is writable; if -, it is not writable.

The first of the following that applies:

• S — If in the owner permissions, the file is not executable and set-user-ID mode is set. If in the group permissions, the file is not executable and set-group-ID mode is set.
• s — If in the owner permissions, the file is executable and set-user-ID mode is set. If in the group permissions, the file is executable and set-group-ID mode is set.
• x — The file is executable or the directory is searchable.
• - — The file is neither readable, writable, executable, nor set-user-ID nor set-group-ID mode, nor sticky.

These next two apply only to the third character in the last group (other permissions):

• T — The sticky bit is set (mode 1000), but not execute or search permission.
• t — The sticky bit is set (mode 1000), and is searchable or executable.