File

File ownership and mode bits.

Check rights

stat -c %a <Path>

Take ownership

Take ownership of a directory and all its files:

chown -R <User>[:Group] <Path>

Caution: chown -R changes ownership of the whole tree.

Executable

chmod +x

A hashbang (#!) marks the interpreter for an executable script.

Read

+r adds read permission.

Updated: 2026 Aug 19