File ownership and mode bits.
Check rights
stat -c %a <Path>Take ownership
Take ownership of a directory and all its files:
chown -R <User>[:Group] <Path>Caution: chown -R changes ownership of the whole tree.
Executable
chmod +xA hashbang (#!) marks the interpreter for an executable script.
Read
+r adds read permission.
Updated:
2026 Aug 19

